贵宾犬、贵妇犬(Poodle)AKC标准及介绍

[贵宾犬的外观标准]
对于标准型、迷你型、玩具型的贵宾犬来说，各项指标的标准都是一样的，除了高度。

贵宾犬的外形、姿态和状态

贵宾犬是很活跃、机警而且行动优雅的犬种，拥有很好的身体比例和矫健的动作，显示出一种自信的姿态。经过传统方式修剪和仔细的梳理后，贵宾犬会显示出与生俱来的独特而又高贵的气质。

[贵宾犬的尺寸、比例、体型]
标准型贵宾犬：肩高超过15英寸（38厘米）。任何一种标准型贵宾犬肩高等于或小于15英寸都会从竞赛中淘汰。

迷你型贵宾犬：肩高等于或小于15英寸（38厘米），高于10英寸（28厘米）。任何一种迷你型的贵宾犬超过15英寸或等于小于10英寸都会从竞赛中淘汰。

玩具型贵宾犬：肩高等于或小于10英寸（28厘米）。任何一种玩具型贵宾犬超过10英寸都会从竞赛中淘汰。

区分玩具型贵宾犬和迷你型贵宾犬的唯一标准就是体形大小。

体态匀称，令人满意的外形比例应该是：从胸骨到尾部的点的长度近似于肩部最高点到地面的高度。

前腿及后腿的骨骼和肌肉都应符合犬的全身比例。

[贵宾犬的头部和表情]
眼睛--非常黑，形状为椭圆形，眼神机灵，成为聪慧表情的重点。

主要缺陷：眼睛圆、突出，大或太浅。

耳朵--下垂的耳朵紧贴头部，耳根位置在或者低于眼睛的水平线，耳廓很长，很宽，表面上有浓密的毛覆盖。但是，耳朵的不能过分的长。

头部--小而圆，有轻微突出。鼻梁、颊骨和肌肉平滑，从枕骨到鼻梁的长度等于口鼻的长度。

口鼻--长、直且纤细，唇部不下垂。眼部下方稍凹陷。下颚大小适中，轮廓明显，不尖细。主要缺陷：下颚不明显。

牙齿--白而坚固、呈剪状咬合。

主要缺陷：下颚突出或上颚突出，齿型不整齐。

[贵宾犬的颈部、背线、躯干]
脖子的比例匀称，结实、修长。足以支撑头部，显出其高贵、尊严的品质。咽喉部的皮毛很软，脖子的毛很浓。由平滑的肌肉连接头部与肩部。

主要缺陷：母羊脖子。

背线是水平的，从肩胛骨的最高点到尾巴的根部既不倾斜也不成拱形。只有在肩后有一个微小的凹下。

[贵宾犬的躯干]
胸部宽阔舒展。富有弹性的肋骨。

腰短而宽，结实、健壮，肌肉匀称。

尾巴直，位置高并且向上翘。截尾后的长度足够支持整体的平衡。

主要缺陷：位置低、卷曲，翘的过于靠后。

[贵宾犬的前半身]
强壮的，肩部的肌肉平滑、结实。肩胛骨闭合完全，长度近似于前腿上部。

主要缺陷：肩部不平、突出。

前肢直，从正面看是平行的。从侧面看，前肢位于肩的正下方。脚踝结实、狼趾可能会被剪掉。

[贵宾犬的足]
足较小，形状成卵状，脚趾成狐状排列。脚上的肉垫厚、结实。脚趾较短，但可见。脚的方向既不朝里也不朝外。

主要缺陷：软、脚趾分开。

[贵宾犬的后半身]
前半身平衡。

后肢直,从后面看是平行的。肌肉宽厚。后膝关节健壮、结实，曲度合适；股骨和胫骨长度相当；跗关节到脚跟距离较短，且垂直于地面。站立时，后脚趾略超出尾部。

主要缺陷：母牛式跗关节

[贵宾犬的皮毛]
品质--（1）粗毛：自然的粗糙的质地，皮毛非常浓密。

      （2）软毛：紧凑、平滑垂下、长度不一。在胸部、身体、头部和耳朵比较长。关节部位的毛发相对短而蓬松。

[贵宾犬的修剪]
不满12个月的贵宾犬常被修饰成幼犬形。在通常的分类标准里，满12个月或大于12个月的犬必须修剪成"英格兰鞍型"或"欧陆"型。种犬和参加非竞争性展示可被修剪成猎犬型。其它任何型的都会被淘汰出竞赛。

幼犬型--不足一岁的贵宾犬可能被修剪为留有长毛的幼犬型。这种形态的犬要修剪面部、喉部、脚部和尾巴下部的毛。修剪后的整个脚部清晰可见，尾部被修饰成绒球状。为了使其外形整洁、优雅，保证其流畅的视觉效果，允许适当修饰全身的皮毛

"英格兰鞍型"--英格兰鞍型犬的面部、喉部、前肢和尾巴底部的毛需要修剪。修剪后，前肢的关节处留有一些毛，尾巴的末梢被修剪成绒球状。后半身除了身体两侧和两条后腿上各留出两片弧形的修饰过的皮毛外，其余部分全部剪短，修剪后可露出整个脚部，前肢关节以上的部分也清晰可见。其它部分的皮毛可以不用修剪，但为了保证贵宾犬整体的平衡，可以适当修整。

"欧陆型"--修剪面部、喉部、脚和尾巴底部。犬的后半身在臀部被修剪成绒球状，其余剪净。修剪后，整个脚部和前腿关节处以上的部位都露了出来。身体其它部分的皮毛可以不用修剪，但为保持整体的平衡，可以适当修整。

"猎犬型"--在猎犬型贵宾犬的修剪中，面部、脚部、喉部和尾巴底部得到修剪，只留下一团剪齿状的帽型皮毛，尾巴底部也被修饰成绒球状。为了使整个身体轮廓清晰流畅，躯干的其它部分包括四肢的毛应不超过一英寸，四肢的毛可以比躯干的毛略长。

在所有形态的修剪中，头部的毛发可以留成自然状或用橡皮筋扎起来。只有头部的毛发长度相当时，犬才能显出流畅完美的外观。"头饰"仅指头骨，即鼻梁至枕骨这部分的毛发，只有在这个部位，橡皮筋才有用武之地。

[贵宾犬的颜色]
毛色均匀、一致。贵宾犬有青灰色、灰色、银白色、褐色、咖啡色、杏色和奶油色，同一种颜色也会有不同的深浅。通常是耳朵和颈部的毛色深一些。通体同色为上品，但毛色中自然的深浅变化也不视为缺陷。褐色和咖啡色的贵宾犬通常有着肝褐色的鼻子、眼眶、嘴唇、深色的脚趾甲和深琥珀色的眼睛。而黑色、青灰色、灰色、银白色、奶油色和白色的贵宾犬通常有黑色的鼻子、眼眶和嘴唇，黑色或本色的脚趾甲和深色的眼睛。而杏色的犬拥有上述的这些颜色都还不错，如果是肝褐色的鼻子、眼眶、嘴唇和琥珀色的眼睛也可以，但已不是上品。

主要缺陷：鼻子、嘴唇和眼眶颜色不一致；或这些部份的颜色与犬全身颜色不协调。

杂色的犬都会被淘汰出竞赛。所谓杂色即其身上的毛色并非均匀、一致，而是由两种或两种以上的颜色组成。

[贵宾犬的步态]
向前小跑时，步伐轻快有力，主要依靠后肢发力。头部高昂，尾巴上翘。步态的稳健有力是此项关键。

性情

姿态高傲，非常灵敏、聪慧、自信。贵宾犬拥有非凡的气质和独特的尊严。

主要缺陷：害羞或是凶猛。

主要缺陷：

任何明显不符合上述的特点都可认为是此种犬的缺陷。

淘汰标准

尺寸--不足或超出规定标准。

修剪--任何不符合上述修剪标准的将被淘汰出竞赛。

杂色--全身毛色并非均匀、一致，而是由两种或两种以上的颜色组成。杂色的犬通常都会被淘汰出竞赛。

[贵宾犬的打分标准]
整体外观，气质，姿态和状态………30

头、表情，耳朵，眼睛和牙齿………20

身体、颈部、四肢、脚和尾巴………20

步态………20

毛皮，颜色和毛质………10

1984年8月14日通过
1990年3月27日重新编改

[以下为贵宾犬(Poodle)AKC标准英文原版]

Poodle Breed Standard

The Standard for the Poodle (Toy variety) is the same as for the Standard and Minature varieties except as regards heights.

General Appearance, Carriage and Condition
That of a very active, intelligent and elegant-appearing dog, squarely built, well proportioned, moving soundly and carrying himself proudly. Properly clipped in the traditional fashion and carefully groomed, the Poodle has about him an air of distinction and dignity peculiar to himself.

Size, Proportion, Substance
Size
The Standard Poodle is over 15 inches at the highest point of the shoulders. Any Poodle which is 15 inches or less in height shall be disqualified from competition as a Standard Poodle.

The Miniature Poodle is 15 inches or under at the highest point of the shoulders, with a minimum height in excess of 10 inches. Any Poodle which is over 15 inches or is 10 inches or less at the highest point of the shoulders shall be disqualified from competition as a Miniature Poodle.

The Toy Poodle is 10 inches or under at the highest point of the shoulders. Any Poodle which is more than 10 inches at the highest point of the shoulders shall be disqualified from competition as a Toy Poodle.

As long as the Toy Poodle is definitely a Toy Poodle, and the Miniature Poodle a Miniature Poodle, both in balance and proportion for the Variety, diminutiveness shall be the deciding factor when all other points are equal.

Proportion - To insure the desirable squarely built appearance, the length of body measured from the breastbone to the point of the rump approximates the height from the highest point of the shoulders to the ground.

Substance - Bone and muscle of both forelegs and hindlegs are in proportion to size of dog.

Head and Expression
(a) Eyes-- very dark, oval in shape and set far enough apart and positioned to create an alert intelligent expression. Major fault: eyes round, protruding, large or very light.

(b) Ears-- hanging close to the head, set at or slightly below eye level. The ear leather is long, wide and thickly feathered; however, the ear fringe should not be of excessive length.

(c) Skull-- moderately rounded, with a slight but definite stop. Cheekbones and muscles flat. Length from occiput to stop about the same as length of muzzle.

(d) Muzzle-- long, straight and fine, with slight chiseling under the eyes. Strong without lippiness. The chin definite enough to preclude snipiness. Major fault: lack of chin. Teeth-- white, strong and with a scissors bite. Major fault: undershot, overshot, wry mouth.

Neck, Topline, Body
Neck well proportioned, strong and long enough to permit the head to be carried high and with dignity. Skin snug at throat. The neck rises from strong, smoothly muscled shoulders. Major fault: ewe neck.

The topline is level, neither sloping nor roached, from the highest point of the shoulder blade to the base of the tail, with the exception of a slight hollow just behind the shoulder.

Body
(a) Chest deep and moderately wide with well sprung ribs. (b) The loin is short, broad and muscular. (c) Tail straight, set on high and carried up, docked of sufficient length to insure a balanced outline. Major fault: set low, curled, or carried over the back.

Forequarters
Strong, smoothly muscled shoulders. The shoulder blade is well laid back and approximately the same length as the upper foreleg. Major fault: steep shoulder.

(a) Forelegs - Straight and parallel when viewed from the front. When viewed from the side the elbow is directly below the highest point of the shoulder. The pasterns are strong. Dewclaws may be removed.

Feet - The feet are rather small, oval in shape with toes well arched and cushioned on thick firm pads. Nails short but not excessively shortened. The feet turn neither in nor out. Major fault: paper or splay foot.

Hindquarters
The angulation of the hindquarters balances that of the forequarters.

(a) Hind legs straight and parallel when viewed from the rear. Muscular with width in the region of the stifles which are well bent; femur and tibia are about equal in length; hock to heel short and perpendicular to the ground. When standing, the rear toes are only slightly behind the point of the rump. Major fault: cow-hocks.

Coat
(a) Quality--(1) Curly: of naturally harsh texture, dense throughout. (2) Corded: hanging in tight even cords of varying length; longer on mane or body coat, head, and ears; shorter on puffs, bracelets, and pompons.

(b) Clip-- A Poodle under 12 months may be shown in the "Puppy" clip. In all regular classes, Poodles 12 months or over must be shown in the "English Saddle" or "Continental" clip. In the Stud Dog and Brood Bitch classes and in a non-competitive Parade of Champions, Poodles may be shown in the "Sporting" clip. A Poodle shown in any other type of clip shall be disqualified.

(1) "Puppy"--A Poodle under a year old may be shown in the "Puppy" clip with the coat long. The face, throat, feet and base of the tail are shaved. The entire shaven foot is visible. There is a pompon on the end of the tail. In order to give a neat appearance and a smooth unbroken line, shaping of the coat is permissible. (2) "English Saddle"--In the "English Saddle" clip the face, throat, feet, forelegs and base of the tail are shaved, leaving puffs on the forelegs and a pompon on the end of the tail. The hindquarters are covered with a short blanket of hair except for a curved shaved area on each flank and two shaved bands on each hindleg. The entire shaven foot and a portion of the shaven leg above the puff are visible. The rest of the body is left in full coat but may be shaped in order to insure overall balance. (3) "Continental"--In the "Continental" clip, the face, throat, feet, and base of the tail are shaved. The hindquarters are shaved with pompons (optional) on the hips. The legs are shaved, leaving bracelets on the hindlegs and puffs on the forelegs. There is a pompon on the end of the tail. The entire shaven foot and a portion of the shaven foreleg above the puff are visible. The rest of the body is left in full coat but may be shaped in order to insure overall balance. (4) "Sporting"--In the "Sporting" clip, a Poodle shall be shown with face, feet, throat, and base of tail shaved, leaving a scissored cap on the top of the head and a pompon on the end of the tail. The rest of the body, and legs are clipped or scissored to follow the outline of the dog leaving a short blanket of coat no longer than one inch in length. The hair on the legs may be slightly longer than that on the body.

In all clips the hair of the topknot may be left free or held in place by elastic bands. The hair is only of sufficient length to present a smooth outline. "Topknot" refers only to hair on the skull, from stop to occiput. This is the only area where elastic bands may be used.

Color
The coat is an even and solid color at the skin. In blues, grays, silvers, browns, cafe-au-laits, apricots and creams the coat may show varying shades of the same color. This is frequently present in the somewhat darker feathering of the ears and in the tipping of the ruff. While clear colors are definitely preferred, such natural variation in the shading of the coat is not to be considered a fault. Brown and cafe-au-lait Poodles have liver-colored noses, eye-rims and lips, dark toenails and dark amber eyes. Black, blue, gray, silver, cream and white Poodles have black noses, eye-rims and lips, black or self colored toenails and very dark eyes. In the apricots while the foregoing coloring is preferred, liver-colored noses, eye-rims and lips, and amber eyes are permitted but are not desirable. Major fault: color of nose, lips and eye-rims incomplete, or of wrong color for color of dog.

Parti-colored dogs shall be disqualified. The coat of a parti-colored dog is not an even solid color at the skin but is of two or more colors.

Gait
A straightforward trot with light springy action and strong hindquarters drive. Head and tail carried up. Sound effortless movement is essential.

Temperament
Carrying himself proudly, very active, intelligent, the Poodle has about him an air of distinction and dignity peculiar to himself. Major fault: shyness or sharpness.

Major Faults
Any distinct deviation from the desired characteristics described in the Breed Standard.

Disqualifications
Size-- A dog over or under the height limits specified shall be disqualified. Clip-- A dog in any type of clip other than those listed under coat shall be disqualified. Parti-colors-- The coat of a parti-colored dog is not an even solid color at the skin but of two or more colors. Parti-colored dogs shall be disqualified.

Value of Points
General appearance, temperament, carriage and condition.......30
Head, expression, ears, eyes and teeth.......20
Body, neck, legs, feet and tail.......20
Gait.......20
Coat, color and texture.......10

Approved August 14, 1984
Reformatted March 27, 1990